![a form b form c form z form a form b form c form z form](https://ih1.redbubble.net/image.652150649.3607/mwo,x1000,ipad_2_snap-pad,750x1000,f8f8f8.u2.jpg)
Central to these findings were genetic studies revealing an essential role for the interferon-induced p150 isoform of ADAR that includes the Zα domain in the negative regulation of immune responses induced by dsRNA. Over the past 25 years, work by many outstanding scientists has established a clearer view of the roles played by ADAR, along with other Z-binding proteins, in the interface between the RNA and protein worlds in health and disease. The interactions between Zα and Z-DNA are conformation-specific, with no base-specific contacts.
#A form b form c form z form series#
This domain’s specificity for the left-handed conformation of Z-DNA was shown in a series of high-resolution NMR and X-ray studies 5, 6. An important inflection point has been the identification of the Z-DNA binding domain named Zα 1, 2 from the dsRNA editing protein ADAR 3, 4.
![a form b form c form z form a form b form c form z form](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/7391613f22af2c2be677683b1c9bb5449d5dbcc1/3-Figure3-1.png)
Initially the biological importance of Z-DNA was overestimated, after which it has been underappreciated (“We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run” - Roy Anara). The existence of Z-DNA was unexpected and its discovery accidental, the structure trapped in the first synthetic DNA ever crystallized.
![a form b form c form z form a form b form c form z form](https://cdn.numerade.com/ask_images/8e7f1ac8532f4da99d098725ba47e00d.jpg)
The flip from the B-form to the Z-form occurs when processive enzymes such as polymerases and helicases generate underwound DNA in their wake. Z-DNA is the left-handed conformer of double-stranded DNA that normally exists in the right-handed Watson-Crick B-form.